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Windows Server is the ninth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft , as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the second version of the server operating system based on the Windows 10 platform, after Windows Server It was announced on March 20, for the first Windows Insider preview release, and was released internationally on October 2, It was succeeded by Windows Server on August 18, Windows Server was announced on March 20, , and the first Windows Insider preview version was released on the same day.
On October 6, , distribution of Windows 10 version build [6] was paused while Microsoft investigated an issue with user data being deleted during an in-place upgrade. Documents, Music or Pictures had been moved to another location, but data was left in the original location.
Windows Server consists of the following editions: [11]. Windows Server has the following new features: [12] [13] [14]. Microsoft Edge did not support Server at release. Microsoft considers Internet Explorer 11 a "compatibility layer," not a browser. Edge added support in January , but Server does not install it by default. Microsoft encourages server and enterprise users to install Edge.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Version of Windows Server family of operating system. Windows Installer Windows Store. Start date: November 30, ; 3 years ago [3] Mainstream support: Until January 9, ; 17 months' time Extended support: Until January 9, ; 6 years' time Windows Server Blog.
October 2, Archived from the original on January 4, Retrieved October 3, Retrieved October 2, Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on October 2, Retrieved October 24, Retrieved September 20, March 20, Archived from the original on December 23, Retrieved August 21, Archived from the original on June 1, Retrieved October 8, Archived from the original on February 2, Retrieved October 18, Archived from the original on October 9, Archived from the original on December 18, Windows Experience Blog.
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Retrieved September 11, Microsoft Windows. Components History Timeline Criticism. Windows 1. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me. Embedded Compact CE 5. Phone 7 Phone 8 Phone 8.
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October 2, ; 3 years ago [1]. Hybrid Windows NT kernel. Windows Subsystem for Linux. Windows Server Part of a series of articles on. New features Removed features Version history Criticism.
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Explore Magazines. Windows 2. Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 8. Windows 10 is serviced in a significantly different manner from previous releases of Windows. Is delivery is often described by Microsoft as a "service", due to its ongoing updates, with Terry Myerson explaining that Microsoft's aim is that "the question of 'what version of Windows are you running' will cease to make sense.
Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Update does not allow the selective installation of updates; instead, all updates including patches, feature updates, and driver software are downloaded automatically. Users can only choose whether the system will reboot automatically to install updates while the system is inactive , or be notified to schedule a reboot. Windows Update also uses a peer to peer system for distributing updates; by default, users' bandwidth is used to distribute previously downloaded updates to other users, in combination with Microsoft servers.
Users can instead choose to only use peer-to-peer updates within their local area network. The Windows 10 Creators Update version showing the Start menu and action center. Every version of Windows 10 has a version number. The version number comes out when an update is released and it ends when it's no longer maintained. Note: You must be signed in as an administrator to be able to switch to the old battery indicator.
Microsoft has published a list of Windows features that are no longer actively developed. Microsoft states that these features may potentially be removed in future updates to Windows The basic hardware requirements to install the Windows 10 Insider Preview are the same as Windows 8. Microsoft Wiki Explore. Windows families. Windows Windows 11 Windows 10 Windows 8.
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At retail, Windows XP was now marketed in two main editions : the "Home" edition was targeted towards consumers, while the "Professional" edition was targeted towards business environments and power users , and included additional security and networking features. Home and Professional were later accompanied by the "Media Center" edition designed for home theater PCs , with an emphasis on support for DVD playback, TV tuner cards , DVR functionality, and remote controls , and the "Tablet PC" edition designed for mobile devices meeting its specifications for a tablet computer , with support for stylus pen input and additional pen-enabled applications.
Extended support ended on April 8, After Windows , Microsoft also changed its release schedules for server operating systems; the server counterpart of Windows XP, Windows Server , was released in April After a lengthy development process , Windows Vista was released on November 30, , for volume licensing and January 30, , for consumers.
It contained a number of new features , from a redesigned shell and user interface to significant technical changes , with a particular focus on security features. It was available in a number of different editions , and has been subject to some criticism , such as drop of performance, longer boot time, criticism of new UAC, and stricter license agreement. Vista's server counterpart, Windows Server was released in early On July 22, , Windows 7 and Windows Server R2 were released as RTM release to manufacturing while the former was released to the public 3 months later on October 22, Unlike its predecessor, Windows Vista, which introduced a large number of new features , Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being compatible with applications and hardware with which Windows Vista was already compatible.
Windows 8 , the successor to Windows 7, was released generally on October 26, A number of significant changes were made on Windows 8, including the introduction of a user interface based around Microsoft's Metro design language with optimizations for touch-based devices such as tablets and all-in-one PCs.
These changes include the Start screen , which uses large tiles that are more convenient for touch interactions and allow for the display of continually updated information, and a new class of apps which are designed primarily for use on touch-based devices. Other changes include increased integration with cloud services and other online platforms such as social networks and Microsoft's own OneDrive formerly SkyDrive and Xbox Live services , the Windows Store service for software distribution, and a new variant known as Windows RT for use on devices that utilize the ARM architecture , and a new keyboard shortcut for screenshots.
Windows 8 and Windows 8. On September 30, , Microsoft announced Windows 10 as the successor to Windows 8. It was released on July 29, , and addresses shortcomings in the user interface first introduced with Windows 8. Changes on PC include the return of the Start Menu, a virtual desktop system, and the ability to run Windows Store apps within windows on the desktop rather than in full-screen mode. Windows 10 is said to be available to update from qualified Windows 7 with SP1, Windows 8.
In February , Microsoft announced the migration of its Windows source code repository from Perforce to Git. This migration involved 3. In June , shortly before Microsoft's announcement of Windows 11, Microsoft updated their lifecycle policy pages for Windows 10, revealing that support for their last release of Windows 10 will be October 14, On June 24, , Windows 11 was announced as the successor to Windows 10 during a livestream. The new operating system was designed to be more user-friendly and understandable.
It was released on October 5, In July , Microsoft announced it will start selling subscriptions to virtualized Windows desktops as part of a new Windows service in the following month. It is not a standalone version of Windows, but a web service that provides access to Windows 10 and Windows 11 built on top of Azure Virtual Desktop.
The new service will allow for cross-platform usage , aiming to make the operating system available for both Apple and Android users. The subscription service will be accessible through any operating system with a web browser.
The new service is an attempt at capitalizing on the growing trend, fostered during the COVID pandemic , for businesses to adopt a hybrid remote work environment, in which "employees split their time between the office and home". As the service will be accessible through web browsers, Microsoft will be able to bypass the need to publish the service through Google Play or the Apple App Store. Microsoft announced Windows availability to business and enterprise customers on August 2, Multilingual support has been built into Windows since Windows 3.
The language for both the keyboard and the interface can be changed through the Region and Language Control Panel. Components for all supported input languages, such as Input Method Editors , are automatically installed during Windows installation in Windows XP and earlier, files for East Asian languages, such as Chinese, and right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic, may need to be installed separately, also from the said Control Panel.
Third-party IMEs may also be installed if a user feels that the provided one is insufficient for their needs. Interface languages for the operating system are free for download, but some languages are limited to certain editions of Windows. Language Interface Packs LIPs are redistributable and may be downloaded from Microsoft's Download Center and installed for any edition of Windows XP or later — they translate most, but not all, of the Windows interface, and require a certain base language the language which Windows originally shipped with.
This is used for most languages in emerging markets. Full Language Packs, which translates the complete operating system, are only available for specific editions of Windows Ultimate and Enterprise editions of Windows Vista and 7, and all editions of Windows 8, 8.
They do not require a specific base language, and are commonly used for more popular languages such as French or Chinese. These languages cannot be downloaded through the Download Center, but available as optional updates through the Windows Update service except Windows 8.
The interface language of installed applications is not affected by changes in the Windows interface language. The availability of languages depends on the application developers themselves. Windows 8 and Windows Server introduces a new Language Control Panel where both the interface and input languages can be simultaneously changed, and language packs, regardless of type, can be downloaded from a central location.
The PC Settings app in Windows 8. Changing the interface language also changes the language of preinstalled Windows Store apps such as Mail, Maps and News and certain other Microsoft-developed apps such as Remote Desktop. The above limitations for language packs are however still in effect, except that full language packs can be installed for any edition except Single Language, which caters to emerging markets.
Windows NT included support for several platforms before the x86 -based personal computer became dominant in the professional world. Windows dropped support for all platforms, except the third generation x86 known as IA or newer in bit mode. With the introduction of the Intel Itanium architecture IA , Microsoft released new versions of Windows to support it.
Itanium versions of Windows XP and Windows Server were released at the same time as their mainstream x86 counterparts. Windows Server line continues to support this platform until Windows Server ; Windows Server R2 is the last Windows operating system to support Itanium architecture. Windows 11 is the first version to drop support for bit hardware. Windows CE officially known as Windows Embedded Compact , is an edition of Windows that runs on minimalistic computers , like satellite navigation systems and some mobile phones.
The OEMs and device makers can modify and create their own user interfaces and experiences, while Windows CE provides the technical foundation to do so. Windows CE was the core from which Windows Mobile was derived.
Windows Phone 8 however, is based on the same NT-kernel as Windows 8. Xbox OS is an unofficial name given to the version of Windows that runs on Xbox consoles. Shortly after Windows was released, Microsoft switched to a fork of Perforce named Source Depot.
In Microsoft announced that it would start using Git , an open source version control system created by Linus Torvalds and in May they reported that has completed migration into the Git repository. Because of its large, decades-long history, however, the Windows codebase is not especially well suited to the decentralized nature of Linux development that Git was originally created to manage.
Version market share As a percentage of desktop and laptop systems using Windows, [82] according to StatCounter data from July Use of Windows 10 has exceeded Windows 7 globally since early Including personal computers of all kinds e. Those statistics do not include servers including so-called cloud computing , where Microsoft is known not to be a leader, with Linux used more than Windows , as Net Applications and StatCounter use web browsing as a proxy for all use.
Consumer versions of Windows were originally designed for ease-of-use on a single-user PC without a network connection, and did not have security features built in from the outset.
These design issues combined with programming errors e. In June , Bruce Schneier 's Counterpane Internet Security reported that it had seen over 1, new viruses and worms in the previous six months.
Microsoft releases security patches through its Windows Update service approximately once a month usually the second Tuesday of the month , although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals when necessary. While the Windows 9x series offered the option of having profiles for multiple users, they had no concept of access privileges , and did not allow concurrent access; and so were not true multi-user operating systems.
In addition, they implemented only partial memory protection. They were accordingly widely criticised for lack of security. The Windows NT series of operating systems, by contrast, are true multi-user, and implement absolute memory protection. However, a lot of the advantages of being a true multi-user operating system were nullified by the fact that, prior to Windows Vista, the first user account created during the setup process was an administrator account, which was also the default for new accounts.
Though Windows XP did have limited accounts, the majority of home users did not change to an account type with fewer rights — partially due to the number of programs which unnecessarily required administrator rights — and so most home users ran as administrator all the time. Windows Vista changes this [95] by introducing a privilege elevation system called User Account Control. When logging in as a standard user, a logon session is created and a token containing only the most basic privileges is assigned.
In this way, the new logon session is incapable of making changes that would affect the entire system. When logging in as a user in the Administrators group, two separate tokens are assigned. The first token contains all privileges typically awarded to an administrator, and the second is a restricted token similar to what a standard user would receive.
User applications, including the Windows shell , are then started with the restricted token, resulting in a reduced privilege environment even under an Administrator account. When an application requests higher privileges or "Run as administrator" is clicked, UAC will prompt for confirmation and, if consent is given including administrator credentials if the account requesting the elevation is not a member of the administrators group , start the process using the unrestricted token. Leaked documents published by WikiLeaks , codenamed Vault 7 and dated from to , detail the capabilities of the CIA to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, [97] such as the ability to compromise operating systems such as Windows.
In August , computer experts reported that the BlueKeep security vulnerability , CVE - , that potentially affects older unpatched Windows versions via the program's Remote Desktop Protocol , allowing for the possibility of remote code execution , may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue , affecting newer Windows versions i. These global groups then hold other groups or users depending on different Windows versions used.
This system varies from other vendor products such as Linux and NetWare due to the 'static' allocation of permission being applied directly to the file or folder. Owing to the operating system's popularity, a number of applications have been released that aim to provide compatibility with Windows applications, either as a compatibility layer for another operating system, or as a standalone system that can run software written for Windows out of the box.
These include:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Family of computer operating systems developed by Microsoft. For the part of a building, see Window. For other uses, see Windows disambiguation. This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative. Main article: History of Microsoft Windows.
See also: List of Microsoft Windows versions. Main articles: Windows 1.
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